Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (n.d.) Serve and return.  https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/serve-and-return/
Bailey, B. A. (2001).  Easy to love, difficult to discipline: The 7 basic skills for turning conflict into cooperation.  New York:  Harper-Collins Publishers Inc.
Head Start Early Childhood Learning & Knowledge Center Archive.​ (n.d.). The importance of teacher-child relationships in Head Start.  https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/archive/policy/im/acf-im-hs-08-21-attachment
Forrester, M. M. & Albrecht, K. M. (2014).  Social emotional tools for life:  An early childhood teacher’s guide to supporting strong emotional foundations and successful social relationships.  Houston:  Innovations in ECE Press

Sources of Connecting Games
Bailey, B. A. (2000).  I love you rituals.  New York:  HarperCollins Publishers, Inc
Torbert, M. & Schneider, L.B.  (1993).  Follow me too: A handbook of movement activities for three- to five-year-olds.  Washington, DC:  NAEYC.
Pierce County Library (n.d.)  Wiggles, tickles & rhymes.  
​https://www.piercecountylibrary.org/files/library/wigglesticklesall.pdf

Here are some teambuilding activities I've found for the different personality types.  Try one out at your next staff meeting or family gathering!  I've included ways to play that can be done virtually, as the COVID-19 pandemic continues.

Moving

• "Balloon Keep Up" (Torbet, 2005)

Have everyone blow up a balloon and form a circle.  The goal of this cooperative game is to keep the balloons from touching the floor.  You may choose to begin with one balloon then add more gradually, especially if you're playing this game with children.

• "Virtual Dance Party"  

Play some upbeat music that gets people on their feet!

Virtual Game:  “Name, Place, Animal, Thing” (https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/entertainment/g32098665/best-games-to-play-on-zoom/)  
​​​To play, pick a letter.  Each player lists a famous person's name, a place, an animal, and a thing that begins with that letter.  The first person to type them into the online chat wins.

"Virtual Simon Says"
"Simon" gives instructions on actions to do, saying “Simon says” before some actions and not others.  Participants do only the actions “Simon says.”
If they do the action not preceded by “Simon says” they are "out."  When only one player remains that person wins.

Collecting
​"Human Treasure Hunt" (http://scavenger-hunt.org/25-human-scavenger-hunt-questions/)
​Go around the room and identify people who meet the criteria on the list: ​

Virtual "Show and/or Tell" (https://biz30.timedoctor.com/virtual-team-building/)
What do you collect?  Write it in the chat!  If you have a piece of your collection with you, show it, too!

Storytelling
"Add-A-Word Stories" ​(adapted from: http://www.icebreakers.ws/small-group/connecting-stories.html)

To play, each team member grabs a random object in arms length and creates a story about it.  You can default to describing a sponge.
The goal is to make up something amazing about the object.   The more absurd the better!

Be kind to yourself, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, and put more play in your day.  Laugh and be playful every chance you get - you'll be helping yourself and sharing joy with others.  Everyone  will benefit!

Back Writing
Trace a word or phrase on a child's back and have them guess what you "wrote". 
​Use affirmations, encouragement and positive messages.

Balloon Keep Up  (Torbert, M. & Schneider, L.B.  (1993) Follow me too: A handbook of movement activities for three- to five-year-olds.  Washington, DC:  NAEYC.  pp. 51-53)
Have lots of balloons, and children work together to keep the balloons from touching the floor.

Special Handshake
Create a special handshake with each of your children, and use it every day to greet them.

Car and Driver  (Torbert, M. & Schneider, L.B.  (1993) Follow me too: A handbook of movement activities for three- to five-year-olds.  Washington, DC:  NAEYC.  p. 71)
Stand behind a child with your hands on her shoulders. 
Direct the child to stop and start using only your hands. 
The child can take a turn “driving” with her hands on your waist.

In a Cabin in the Woods   (traditional Boy Scout camp song)
In a cabin in the woods                          (draw a square in the air with your fingers)
A little man by the window stood        (make circles, like binoculars, with your hands and put up to your eyes)
Saw a rabbit hopping by                        (two fingers walking in front of you in the air)
Knocking at his door                              (do a knocking motion with one hand)
“Help me! Help me! Help!” he cried     (fling your hands in the air three times)
"Before the hunter finds me!"               (put hand over forehead as if shielding the sun while looking back and forth)
Little rabbit come inside                        (motion inviting someone to come to you)
Safely you may hide                                (rock your arms like you’re rocking a baby)
 
Keep repeating the song, doing the hand motions but humming instead of singing a line. So the second time you sing the song, you don’t say “In a cabin by the woods”, you just hum it and make the hand gesture. The third time, you leave out both 1st and 2nd lines (humming only) do just the hand gesture, sing the rest. You keep going until there are no words, just humming and gestures.  You can also speed up the tempo.

Plainsies, Clapsies  (Henry Goyette)
Say one line as you toss the bean bag to a child.   The child repeats it as he tosses it back to you. 
Plainsies,                                (Just throw)
Clapsies,                 (clap after throw)
Roll the ball,                            (roll hands as if wheels after throw)
Dilapsies.                (touch shoulders after throw)
Highsies,                 (toss bean bag high)
Lowsies,                  (toss bean bag low)
One hand,                               (toss bean bag one-handed)
The other hand.      (use the other hand)
Touch my knee,                      (touch knee after throw)
Touch my toe ,        (touch toe after throw)
Touch my heel,                       (touch heel after throw)
And under we go!    (toss bean bag from under leg)

 To play a connecting game, just include these 3 things:

• Emotional warmth - your nurturing, compassionate presence
• Close contact - eye contact and gentle touch
• Playfulness - expressing joy and fun in being together

(adapted from Bailey, B.A.  2000.  I love you rituals.  New York:  HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.)

Bumpy Road
Smooth Road, Smooth Road.                                           (move child in circular motion)
Bumpy Road, Bumpy Road.                                              (bounce your child on your lap)
Rough Road, Rough Road.                                                (bounce higher and faster)
Hole.                                                                                     (dip child between your legs)
  
Did You Ever See a Baby
Did you ever see a baby,                                                   (have your child sitting on your lap)
A baby, a baby?
Did you ever see a baby,
Go this way and that?                                                       (rock from side to side)
Go this way and that way,                                                (forward and back)
And that way and this way.                                              (side to side)
Did you ever see a baby,
Go this way and that?                                                       (forward and back)
 
Giddy Up Horsey
Giddy-up, giddy-up, giddy-up horsey.                          (bounce child on knees)
Giddy-up, giddy-up, go, go, go
Giddy-up, giddy-up, giddy-up horsey.
Giddy-up, giddy-up, Whoa!                                             (let child slip through knees)

I Bounce You Here
I bounce you here, I bounce you there,                         (bounce child on knees)
I bounce you, bounce you, everywhere.
I tickle you here, I tickle you there,                                (gently tickle child)
I tickle you, tickle you, everywhere.
I hug you here, I hug you there,                                      (hug child)
I hug you, hug you, everywhere!
 
Let’s Go Riding in an Elevator
Let’s go riding in an elevator.                                          (hold child in front of you on lap)
Let’s go riding in an elevator.
First floor,                                                                           (at “first floor” start to lift child up
Second floor,                                                                      rising up a little at each floor)
Third floor,
Fourth floor,
Fifth floor,                                                                           (by “fifth floor” child should be high)
Doooowwwwwnn!                                                           (bring child quickly back to lap)

Shoe the Little Horse
Shoe the little horse,                                                         (pat child’s left foot)
Shoe the little mare,                                                         (pat child’s right foot)
But let the little colt                                                          (bicycle child’s feet around and around)
Run free everywhere.

Elephant Song
One elephant went out to play,                                        (hold up one finger)
Over the hills and far away.                                              (wave finger like it is going over the hills)
She had such enormous fun,                                           (on “enormous” circle arms out and around)
That she called for another elephant to come.            (cup hands over mouth)
“Oh Elephant!”…                                                                  (call out and then pound the floor for the running                                                                                                      elephant sound)
 (Repeat with as many elephants (fingers) as you want)

Little Flea
Creeping, creeping, little flea,                                          (creep fingers up child’s body and down again)
Up my leg and past my knee.
To my tummy, on he goes,
Past my chin and to my nose.
Now he’s creeping down my chin,
To my tummy once again.
Down my leg and past my knee,
To my toe that little flea.
​GOTCHA!                                                                             (gently tickle baby’s tummy and switch to other foot)

One, Two, Three
One, two, three,                                                                   (tap on baby’s knee)
Tickle your knee.                                                                (gently tickle baby’s knee)
Four, five, six,                                                                      (tap on baby’s tummy)
Pick up sticks.                                                                     (gently tickle baby’s tummy)
Seven, eight, nine,                                                              (tap on baby’s chin)
You’re all mine!                                                                   (hug baby)

Round and Round the Garden 
Round and round the garden,                                          (make a circle in child’s palm)
Goes the teddy bear.
One step, two steps,                                                           (fingers walk up child’s arm)
Tickle you under there.                                                     (gently tickle child under arm)
Round and round the haystack,                                       (make a circle in child’s other hand)
Goes the little mouse.
One step, two steps,                                                           (fingers walk up child’s arm)
Into his little house.                                                           (gently tickle child under arm)\

Two Little Eyes
Two little eyes to look around.                                         (point to child’s features as mentioned)
Two little ears to hear each sound.
One little nose to smell what’s sweet.
One little mouth that likes to eat.

 Young children love to move!  Older infants roll, scoot and crawl; toddlers walk, run, jump and climb. Make up some connecting games to play with them while they are on the go.  Here are a couple of examples:

Try some of these connecting games, or use your own favorite connecting activities with your infants and toddlers.  You will be helping your children - and yourself - thrive!  Have fun!

Balloon Keep Up  (Torbert, M. & Schneider, L.B.  (1993) Follow me too: A handbook of movement activities for three- to five-year-olds.  Washington, DC:  NAEYC.  pp. 51-53)
Have lots of balloons, and children work together to keep the balloons from touching the floor.

Calvin Ball
Play a game of catch, using a bean bag or ball.  Let the child make up rules for how to toss the ball.

Car and Driver   (Torbert, M. & Schneider, L.B.  (1993) Follow me too: A handbook of movement activities for three- to five-year-olds.  Washington, DC:  NAEYC.p. 71)
Stand behind a child with your hands on her shoulders. 
Direct the child to stop and start using only your hands. 
The child can take a turn “driving” with her hands on your waist.

Mr. Wiggle and Mr. Waggle  (For this story you need two thumbs.)
This is Mr. Wiggle.  He lives in a house. This is Mr. Waggle.  He lives in a house, too.  So open the doors (POP!), put them inside (POP!) and close the doors.
One day Mr. Wiggle decided to go visit Mr. Waggle.  So he opened the door (POP!), and came outside (POP!) and he went up the hill and down the hill and up the hill and down the hill and up the hill and down the hill until he came to Mr. Waggle’s house.
He knocked on the door, “knock! knock! knock!”  and called our softly, “Mr. Waggle!” but there was no answer so he knocked louder “knock! knock! knock!”  and called out loudly, “Mr. Waggle!” but there was still no answer.
So he went back up the hill and down the hill and up the hill and down the hill up the hill and down the hill until he was back at his own house. He opened the door (POP!) and went inside (POP!) and closed the door (POP!). 
Repeat with Mr. Waggle visiting Mr. Wiggle the next day. 
The next day, have them both leave at the same time.  They meet and greet at the top of the second hill then go to sleep when they get home.
(Source unknown)

​Rhyme Time
Take turns saying short sentences that end in rhyming words, pausing to let the child say the word.

Special Handshake
Create a special handshake with each of your children, and use it every day to greet them.

Welcome Back Ritual
You’ve been gone and you’ve been missed.
Where would you like your butterfly kiss?
(adapted from www.consciousdiscipline.com)